Biotechnological Solutions for Recycling Synthetic Fibers

Abstract

Biotechnology offers the potential for selective depolymerization of natural and synthetic fibers, isolation of components, or recovery of monomers. This progress solves the problems associated with the regeneration of monomers from synthetic fiber blends, especially when contaminated or mixed fibers are involved. In addition, the recycling of used fiber products into higher-value products not only keeps waste out of landfills but also creates economic opportunities and reduces the need to produce new synthetic fibers. Synthetic fibers can be recovered by mechanical or chemical recycling, but biotechnological solutions with enzymes offer a more environmentally friendly alternative to harsh chemicals by selectively breaking down certain chemical bonds in polymers to obtain purer monomeric building blocks. Efficient biotechnological recycling, however, depends on the specific polymer, as different enzymes, microbial colonies, fungal hyphae, etc. can process different man-made fibers. Challenges arise with any type of fiber recovery, including enzymatic degradation when suitable enzymes have not yet been discovered or when fiber blends impede accessibility and efficiency. This short review provides an overview of the possibilities of biotechnological solutions for synthetic fiber recovery.

Keywords

• biotechnological solutions
• synthetic fibers recycling
• eco-friendly textiles
• sustainable textiles
• enzymatic degradation