Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience (Oct 2017)

Tunneling Nanotubes and Gap Junctions–Their Role in Long-Range Intercellular Communication during Development, Health, and Disease Conditions

  • Jennifer Ariazi,
  • Andrew Benowitz,
  • Vern De Biasi,
  • Monique L. Den Boer,
  • Stephanie Cherqui,
  • Haifeng Cui,
  • Nathalie Douillet,
  • Eliseo A. Eugenin,
  • Eliseo A. Eugenin,
  • David Favre,
  • Spencer Goodman,
  • Karine Gousset,
  • Dorit Hanein,
  • David I. Israel,
  • Shunsuke Kimura,
  • Robert B. Kirkpatrick,
  • Nastaran Kuhn,
  • Claire Jeong,
  • Emil Lou,
  • Robbie Mailliard,
  • Stephen Maio,
  • George Okafo,
  • Matthias Osswald,
  • Matthias Osswald,
  • Jennifer Pasquier,
  • Roel Polak,
  • Gabriele Pradel,
  • Bob de Rooij,
  • Peter Schaeffer,
  • Vytenis A. Skeberdis,
  • Ian F. Smith,
  • Ahmad Tanveer,
  • Niels Volkmann,
  • Zhenhua Wu,
  • Chiara Zurzolo

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2017.00333
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 10

Abstract

Read online

Cell-to-cell communication is essential for the organization, coordination, and development of cellular networks and multi-cellular systems. Intercellular communication is mediated by soluble factors (including growth factors, neurotransmitters, and cytokines/chemokines), gap junctions, exosomes and recently described tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). It is unknown whether a combination of these communication mechanisms such as TNTs and gap junctions may be important, but further research is required. TNTs are long cytoplasmic bridges that enable long-range, directed communication between connected cells. The proposed functions of TNTs are diverse and not well understood but have been shown to include the cell-to-cell transfer of vesicles, organelles, electrical stimuli and small molecules. However, the exact role of TNTs and gap junctions for intercellular communication and their impact on disease is still uncertain and thus, the subject of much debate. The combined data from numerous laboratories indicate that some TNT mediate a long-range gap junctional communication to coordinate metabolism and signaling, in relation to infectious, genetic, metabolic, cancer, and age-related diseases. This review aims to describe the current knowledge, challenges and future perspectives to characterize and explore this new intercellular communication system and to design TNT-based therapeutic strategies.

Keywords