Black Cumin Seed (<i>Nigella sativa</i>) in Inflammatory Disorders: Therapeutic Potential and Promising Molecular Mechanisms

Abstract

Inflammation is an essential defense mechanism against harmful stimuli. However, uncontrolled inflammatory mechanisms culminate in disturbed responses that contribute to multiple serious diseases. Besides common synthetic drugs, there is a growing interest in optimizing the use of natural products as therapeutic or protective supplements against inflammatory disorders. Black cumin seed (BCS), or Nigella sativa (Family Ranunculaceae), is widely used as a health-supportive herb in the Middle East, Far East and West Asia. BCS is a rich source of phytochemicals, and studies have reported its promising effects against a variety of metabolic, proliferative, respiratory, and neurological disorders associated with disrupted inflammatory pathways. This review presents an updated comprehensive assessment of BCS’s effects against various inflammatory disorders and highlights the role of BCS’s bioactive constituents in inflammation and oxidative stress pathways. Moreover, it outlines the future possibilities for enhancing therapeutic activity through efficient pharmaceutical formulations. Thorough analysis of international research studies published between the years 1998 and 2023 reveals the promising anti-inflammatory potential of BCS’s bioactive constituents through modulating inflammation and crucial oxidative stress players in inflammatory disorders. Thus, the bioactive constituents of BCS can be further boosted by updated technologies such as nano-incorporation for the improved management of inflammatory diseases.

Keywords

• cytokines
• inflammation
• oxidative stress
• natural products
• nano formulations