Polymer composites for tribological applications

Abstract

Many different polymers and polymer composites are used for engineering applications in which friction and wear are critical issues. This article briefs (a) the importance of polymer tribology in general, (b) the special design principles of polymer composites for low friction and wear under sliding against smooth metallic counterparts, and (c) synergistic effects of nano-particles and traditional fillers and fibers for an optimal tribological performance. Based on these fundamental aspects, the article reviews traditional applications of polymeric tribo-components in mechanical and automotive engineering, including slide elements in textile machines, filament wound bushings for harsh environments, cages of high-precision ball bearings in dental turbines, and hybrid bushings in Diesel fuel injection pumps. A following chapter on special developments of tribo-components outlines (a) ways to achieve electrical conductivity of polymer bearings, (b) the enhancement of self-lubrication and self-healing potential by the incorporation of micro-capsules into the polymer matrix, (c) modern additive manufacturing methods for friction and wear loaded polymer parts, (d) the application and properties of high temperature polymer coatings, and (e) the composition and use of polymer composites under friction at cryogenic temperature conditions. Keywords: Polymer, Composites, Tribology, Friction, Wear, Electrical conductivity, Self-healing, Additive manufacturing, Cryogenic temperature, Coatings, Bearings, Multifunctionality