مسکن و محیط روستا (Dec 2013)
Evolution of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design
Abstract
Concern about crime and vandalism features as the aspect of their area that households would most like to see improved, still occur in the big cities and dsigning-in a response to safety concerns as part of the Planning and Design process has been increasingly recognised as an aspect of delivering quality of life. The purpose of this article is to critically review the core findings from recently published place-based crime prevention research. The paper aims to critically evaluate the available evidence on the contribution of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) as a crime prevention strategy. Strategies for crime prevention rarely, if ever, find their way in to the formal design and planning of urban places. CPTED in the early years applied rational theory and is linked to some basic CPTED strategy: territoriality and access control, natural surveillance, image, and milieu (environmental land use). A 2nd generation CPTED offers the promise of greatly enhanced and more realistic, preventive strategies. It offers the possibility of a new approach for community-building that strikes to the heart of what CPTED is really all about. Here, the main questioning is" What are the linkages between physical and social development?' They believe that at least four principal represent the beginning of a new theory of second-generation CPTED and all of them have direct links to the social aspects on how neighborhoods work: Capacity Threshold, Social Cohesion, Connectivity and Community Culture. To achieve that principles, they suggest at least five strategies: Size of the district, density, and differentiation of dwellings– human scale development, Urban meeting places as an absolute necessity in neighborhoods, Youth clubs as a community-building strategy and Residents’ participation which applies directly to the idea of “activity support”, or that the residents’ themselves will participate in a neighborhoods social life and finally, Residents’ responsibility. SafeGrowth – employs a more holistic style of neighborhood development than occurs in traditional prevention theory. It is a shift towards a new style of prevention theory, one in which safe places emerge less from outside experts implementing strategies to or for neighborhoods, and more from neighbors creatively planning with prevention experts, police and security. The review concludes that there is a growing body of research that supports the assertion that crime prevention through environmental design is effective in reducing both crime and fear of crime in the community. The paper concludes that although empirical proof has not been definitively demonstrated, there is a large and growing body of research, which supports the assertion that crime prevention through environmental design is a pragmatic and effective crime prevention tool. This review provides an extensive bibliography of contemporary crime prevention through environmental design and a follow-up paper will discuss the future research priorities for it.
