Low Expression of TSTD2 Serves as a Biomarker for Poor Prognosis in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Gonglin Tang,1,* Kai Sun,2,* Guixin Ding,1 Jitao Wu1 1Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, People’s Republic of China; 2Urology Department, Shandong Province Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jitao Wu, Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected]: Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is a common cancer in people worldwide, and one of the main issues is developing suitable biomarkers. This study aims to investigate the expression of TSTD2 in KIRC and its impact on prognosis.Methods: RNA sequencing data from TCGA and GTEx were gathered to examine the functional enrichment of TSTD2-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using GO/KEGG, GSEA, immunocyte permeation analysis, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. The Kaplan‒Meier-Cox regression model and the prognostic nomograph model were used to assess the clinical importance of TSTD2 in KIRC. R software was used to analyze the included studies. Finally, verification of cells and tissues was performed using immunohistochemical staining and quantitative real‒time PCR.Results: In contrast to normal samples, it was discovered that TSTD2 was underexpressed in a number of malignancies, including KIRC. Furthermore, in 163 KIRC samples, low expression of TSTD2 was linked to a poor prognosis, as were subgroups with age greater than 60, the integrin pathway, the development of elastic fibers, and high TNM stage, pathologic stage, and histologic grade (P < 0.05). Age and TNM stage were included in the nomogram prognostic model, and low TSTD2 was a prognostic predictor that could be used independently in Cox regression analysis. In addition, 408 DEGs with 111 upregulated genes and 297 downregulated genes were found between the high- and low-expression groups.Conclusion: The diminished expression of TSTD2 may serve as a biomarker for unfavorable outcomes in KIRC, and holds potential as a target for therapeutic interventions.Keywords: kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, TSTD2, the cancer genome atlas, R packages

Keywords

• kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
• tstd2
• the cancer genome atlas
• r packages