Infectious diseases associated with pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus: A narrative review

Gianluca Piccolo; Gianluca Piccolo; Elena Lucia De Rose; Marta Bassi; Marta Bassi; Flavia Napoli; Nicola Minuto; Nicola Minuto; Mohamad Maghnie; Mohamad Maghnie; Giuseppa Patti; Giuseppa Patti; Giuseppe d’Annunzio; Giuseppe d’Annunzio

doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.966344

Frontiers in Endocrinology (Aug 2022)

Infectious diseases associated with pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus: A narrative review

Gianluca Piccolo,
Gianluca Piccolo,
Elena Lucia De Rose,
Marta Bassi,
Marta Bassi,
Flavia Napoli,
Nicola Minuto,
Nicola Minuto,
Mohamad Maghnie,
Mohamad Maghnie,
Giuseppa Patti,
Giuseppa Patti,
Giuseppe d’Annunzio,
Giuseppe d’Annunzio

Affiliations

Gianluca Piccolo: Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
Gianluca Piccolo: Neuro-oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
Elena Lucia De Rose: Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
Marta Bassi: Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
Marta Bassi: Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
Flavia Napoli: Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
Nicola Minuto: Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
Nicola Minuto: Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
Mohamad Maghnie: Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
Mohamad Maghnie: Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
Giuseppa Patti: Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
Giuseppa Patti: Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
Giuseppe d’Annunzio: Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
Giuseppe d’Annunzio: Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.966344
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 13

Abstract

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been frequently associated with an impaired immune response against infectious agents, making affected patients at risk for more severe disease and sometimes causing worse outcomes. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has seriously affected patients with both diabetes, in particular those carrying comorbidities or with poor glycemic control. As regards pediatric diabetes mellitus, the availability of more accurate and technological tools for glycemic management and the improved markers of metabolic control might mitigate the negative impact of infections. Notably, good metabolic control of diabetes since its diagnosis reduces not only the risk of microangiopathic complications but also of impaired immune response to infectious diseases. Therefore, vaccinations are strongly recommended. Our paper aims to provide the most updated evidence regarding infectious diseases in type 1 pediatric DM.

Published in Frontiers in Endocrinology

ISSN: 1664-2392 (Online)
Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Medicine: Internal medicine: Specialties of internal medicine: Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology
Website: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology

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