Frontiers in Endocrinology (May 2023)
Systematical assessment of digit ratio in a female masculinization disease: polycystic ovary syndrome
- Xueqi Yan,
- Xueqi Yan,
- Xueqi Yan,
- Xueqi Yan,
- Xueqi Yan,
- Xueqi Yan,
- Aiqing Zhu,
- Aiqing Zhu,
- Aiqing Zhu,
- Aiqing Zhu,
- Aiqing Zhu,
- Aiqing Zhu,
- Yexing Li,
- Yexing Li,
- Yexing Li,
- Yexing Li,
- Yexing Li,
- Yexing Li,
- Ziyi Yang,
- Ziyi Yang,
- Ziyi Yang,
- Ziyi Yang,
- Ziyi Yang,
- Ziyi Yang,
- Yuteng Wang,
- Yuteng Wang,
- Yuteng Wang,
- Yuteng Wang,
- Yuteng Wang,
- Yuteng Wang,
- Li Liu,
- Wei Liu,
- Dan Liu,
- Fenghua Li,
- Juan Du,
- Fang Cheng,
- Xueying Gao,
- Xueying Gao,
- Xueying Gao,
- Xueying Gao,
- Xueying Gao,
- Xueying Gao,
- Xueying Gao,
- Xueying Gao,
- Junli Zhao,
- Junli Zhao
Affiliations
- Xueqi Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Xueqi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Xueqi Yan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Xueqi Yan
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Xueqi Yan
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Xueqi Yan
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Aiqing Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Aiqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Aiqing Zhu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Aiqing Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Aiqing Zhu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Aiqing Zhu
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Yexing Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Yexing Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Yexing Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Yexing Li
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Yexing Li
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Yexing Li
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Ziyi Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Ziyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Ziyi Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Ziyi Yang
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Ziyi Yang
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Ziyi Yang
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Yuteng Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Yuteng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Yuteng Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Yuteng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Yuteng Wang
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Yuteng Wang
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Li Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Yinchuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yinchuan, Ning xia, China
- Wei Liu
- Department of Reproductive Surgery, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
- Dan Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tang Du Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
- Fenghua Li
- 0Department of Reproductive Medicine, Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Juan Du
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Fang Cheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Yinchuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yinchuan, Ning xia, China
- Xueying Gao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Xueying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Xueying Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Xueying Gao
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Xueying Gao
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Xueying Gao
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Xueying Gao
- 1Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Xueying Gao
- 2Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
- Junli Zhao
- 3Reproductive Medicine Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- Junli Zhao
- 4Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1146124
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 14
Abstract
BackgroundIn recent years, the right ratio of 2nd and 4th digit length (2D:4D) is regarded as an anatomical marker of prenatal testosterone exposure. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a female masculinized disease and is determined by prenatal testosterone exposure. Whether the ratio in the right hand of PCOS women is reduced or not compared with non-PCOS women is under debate. To further investigate the relationship between PCOS and digit ratio, we systematically measured all the digit ratios.MethodsWe recruited 34 non-PCOS women, 116 PCOS women, and 40 men and systematically measured all the ratios of digit length (2D:3D, 2D:4D, 2D:5D, 3D:4D, 3D:5D, and 4D:5D) of right hands and left hands.ResultsLeft 2D:3D, 2D:4D, and 2D:5D in men were significantly lower than those in non-PCOS women. Significantly lower digit ratios of left 2D:3D and 2D:4D were observed in PCOS compared with non-PCOS women. In the subgroup analysis, the left ratio of digit length in 2D:3D and 2D:5D of the hyperandrogenism subgroup was lower than that of the non-hyperandrogenism subgroup without statistical significance. The logistic regression model of PCOS revealed that 2D:3D, 2D:4D, 2D:5D, and 3D:4D of left hands were statistically related to the diagnosis of PCOS among all the digit ratios.ConclusionNot only 2D:4D but also other digit ratios, such as 2D:3D and 2D:5D, are a marker of prenatal testosterone exposure and may be an anatomical marker of PCOS. The majority of these significant differences included left 2D, with the following order: non-PCOS women > PCOS women > men.
Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- digit ratio
- prenatal androgen exposure
- hyperandrogenism
- anatomical marker
- sexual dimorphism
