Evaluation of whole-brain oxygen metabolism in Alzheimer's disease using QSM and quantitative BOLD
Aocai Yang,
Hangwei Zhuang,
Lei Du,
Bing Liu,
Kuan Lv,
Jixin Luan,
Pianpian Hu,
Feng Chen,
Kai Wu,
Ni Shu,
Amir Shmuel,
Guolin Ma,
Yi Wang
Affiliations
Aocai Yang
Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
Hangwei Zhuang
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
Lei Du
Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, PR China
Bing Liu
Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
Kuan Lv
Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China; Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
Jixin Luan
Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
Pianpian Hu
Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China; Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
Feng Chen
Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou 570311, Hainan, PR China
Kai Wu
School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangdong 510006, Guangzhou, PR China
Ni Shu
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
Amir Shmuel
McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Physiology, and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
Guolin Ma
Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China; Corresponding author at: Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
Yi Wang
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the whole-brain pattern of oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) perturbation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and investigate the relationship between regional cerebral oxygen metabolism and global cognition. Methods: Twenty-six AD patients and 25 age-matched healthy controls (HC) were prospectively recruited in this study. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to evaluate cognitive status. We applied the QQ-CCTV algorithm which combines quantitative susceptibility mapping and quantitative blood oxygen level-dependent models (QQ) for OEF calculation. CBF map was computed from arterial spin labeling and CMRO2 was generated based on Fick's principle. Whole-brain and regional OEF, CBF, and CMRO2 analyses were performed. The associations between these measures in substructures of deep brain gray matter and MMSE scores were assessed. Results: Whole brain voxel-wise analysis showed that CBF and CMRO2 values significantly decreased in AD predominantly in the bilateral angular gyrus, precuneus gyrus and parieto-temporal regions. Regional analysis showed that CBF value decreased in the bilateral caudal hippocampus and left rostral hippocampus and CMRO2 value decreased in left caudal and rostral hippocampus in AD patients. Considering all subjects in the AD and HC groups combined, the mean CBF and CMRO2 values in the bilateral hippocampus positively correlated with the MMSE score. Conclusion: CMRO2 mapping with the QQ-CCTV method - which is readily available in MR systems for clinical practice - can be a potential biomarker for AD. In addition, CMRO2 in the hippocampus may be a useful tool for monitoring cognitive impairment.
