Fractionation of Marigold Waxy Extract Using Supercritical CO₂

Abstract

Marigold oil is a product of great industrial interest thanks to its wide range of medicinal and wound-healing properties. In this work, supercritical carbon dioxide was used to recover marigold essential oil from the hexane solvent extract of marigold flowers, the floral “concrete”. This starting material was mixed with synthetic paraffinic waxes to heighten its melting point and viscosity, thus, improving material processability. Supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation of the modified marigold “concrete” was carried out, and the effect of pressure and CO2 mass flow rate was studied. The pressure was varied from 80 to 180 bar, keeping the temperature constant at 40 °C: the higher the pressure, the larger the CO2 solvent power and extraction yield (up to 9.40% w/w). Nevertheless, the optimum between productivity and process selectivity was found at 100 bar. By changing the CO2 mass flow rate (from 1.20 to 1.50 kg/h), we noted that mass transfer resistance was located externally. GC-MS analysis showed that the most abundant compounds in the oil were δ-cadinene (25%), γ-cadinene (16%), τ-muurolol (6.5%), and α-muurolene (6%). Moreover, the traces of oil and waxes showed no mutual contamination between lighter species and waxes, meaning that the fractionation step was successful.

Keywords

• <i>Calendula officinalis</i> L.
• fragrance oil
• paraffins
• supercritical fluid extraction
• selectivity
• mass transfer