Changes in serum-neutralizing antibody potency and breadth post-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine boost
Manoj S. Nair,
Ruy M. Ribeiro,
Maple Wang,
Anthony D. Bowen,
Lihong Liu,
Yicheng Guo,
Jennifer Y. Chang,
Pengfei Wang,
Zizhang Sheng,
Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk,
Alan S. Perelson,
Yaoxing Huang,
David D. Ho
Affiliations
Manoj S. Nair
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
Ruy M. Ribeiro
Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
Maple Wang
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
Anthony D. Bowen
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
Lihong Liu
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
Yicheng Guo
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
Jennifer Y. Chang
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
Pengfei Wang
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
Zizhang Sheng
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
Alan S. Perelson
Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Corresponding author
Yaoxing Huang
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Corresponding author
David D. Ho
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Corresponding author
Summary: A better understanding of the durability and breadth of serum-neutralizing antibody responses against multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants elicited by COVID-19 vaccines is crucial in addressing the current pandemic. In this study, we quantified the decay of serum neutralization antibodies (nAbs) after second and third doses of the original COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Using an authentic virus-neutralization assay, we found that decay half-lives of WA1- and Delta-nAbs were both ∼60 days after second and third vaccine dose. Unexpectedly, the durability of serum antibodies that neutralize three different Omicron subvariants (BA.1.1, BA.5, BA.2.12.1) was substantially better, with half-lives of ≥6 months. A booster dose of the original COVID-19 vaccine was also found to broaden antibody responses against SARS-CoV and four other sarbecoviruses, in addition to multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains. These findings suggest that repeated vaccinations with the COVID-19 vaccine may confer a degree of protection against future spillover of sarbecoviruses from animal reservoirs.
