Organic Salt Hydrate as a Novel Paradigm for Thermal Energy Storage

Abstract

The use of inorganic salt hydrates for thermochemical energy storage (TCS) applications is widely investigated. One of the drawbacks that researchers face when studying this class of materials is their tendency to undergo deliquescence phenomena. We here proposed and investigated, for the first time, the possibility of using organic salt hydrates as a paradigm for novel TCS materials with low water solubility, that is, more resistance to deliquescence, a tendency to coordinate a high number of water molecules and stability under operating conditions. The organic model compound chosen in this study was calcium; 7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1H-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate, known as calcium ceftriaxone, hereafter named CaHS (calcium hydrated salt), a water-insoluble organic salt, which can combine up to seven water molecules. The CaHS was prepared by precipitation from the water-soluble disodium triaxone. The thermal behavior of CaHS, in terms of stability and dehydration–hydration cyclability, was assessed. The material can operate in the temperature range of 30–150 °C, suitable for TCS. No deliquescence phenomena occurred upon exposure to a relative humidity (RH) between 10 and 100%. Its heat storage capacity, so far unknown, was measured to be ~595.2 kJ/kg (or ~278.6 kWh/m3). The observed heat storage capacity, thermal stability, and good reversibility after dehydration–hydration cycles highlight the potential of this class of materials, thus opening new research paths for the development and investigation of innovative organic salt hydrates.

Keywords

• thermochemical energy storage
• organic salt hydrate
• deliquescence
• thermogravimetric dynamic vapor sorption