Sustainable Use of CO<sub>2</sub> and Wastewater from Mushroom Farm for <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> Cultivation: Experimental and Kinetic Studies on Algal Growth and Pollutant Removal
Ivan Širić,
Sami Abou Fayssal,
Bashir Adelodun,
Boro Mioč,
Željko Andabaka,
Archana Bachheti,
Madhumita Goala,
Pankaj Kumar,
Arwa A. AL-Huqail,
Mostafa A. Taher,
Ebrahem M. Eid
Affiliations
Ivan Širić
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Sami Abou Fayssal
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
Bashir Adelodun
Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria
Boro Mioč
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Željko Andabaka
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Archana Bachheti
Department of Environment Science, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, India
Madhumita Goala
Department of Environment Science, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, India
Pankaj Kumar
Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, India
Arwa A. AL-Huqail
Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
Mostafa A. Taher
Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Mohail Assir 61321, Saudi Arabia
Ebrahem M. Eid
Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia
The potential use of carbon dioxide (CO2) and wastewater released from a mushroom farm for the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris microalga was investigated in this study. For this purpose, a microcontroller-based aided CO2 capture and mixing prototype was constructed for the cultivation of C. vulgaris under varying concentrations of mushroom farm wastewater (0 as control, 50 and 100%). The results showed that the constructed prototype was helpful to maintain desirable CO2 levels (6000 ppm) in the mushroom cultivation chamber with constant CO2 supply to algal culture, i.e., 0.6% at an airflow rate of 50 mL/min. After 16 days of algal cultivation, it was observed that the maximum significant (p k) values. In addition, the algal growth kinetics results showed that the logistic model fit best compared to the modified Gompertz model, based on selected validation tools, such as experimental vs. predicted values, coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.9938), model efficiency (ME > 0.98) and root mean square error (RMSE 2 and wastewater produced by mushroom farms for algal cultivation and biological wastewater treatment.
