Physicochemical characterization and cancer cell antiproliferative effect of silver-doped magnesia nanoparticles
Mohamed Qasim Al-Fahdawi,
Ahmed Faris Aldoghachi,
Fatah H. Alhassan,
Faris A.J. Al-Doghachi,
Hussah Abdullah Alshwyeh,
Abdullah Rasedee,
Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser,
Mothanna Sadiq Al-Qubaisi,
Wisam Nabeel Ibrahim
Affiliations
Mohamed Qasim Al-Fahdawi
Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Ahmed Faris Aldoghachi
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, 43300, Malaysia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras, 43000, Malaysia
Fatah H. Alhassan
Department of Applied Chemistry and Technology, College of Science and Arts, Alkamel University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Africa City of Technology, Khartoum Bahari, Khartoum, Sudan
Faris A.J. Al-Doghachi
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Basra, Basra, Iraq
Hussah Abdullah Alshwyeh
Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia; Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
Abdullah Rasedee
Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Corresponding author.Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
Mothanna Sadiq Al-Qubaisi
Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Wisam Nabeel Ibrahim
Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Corresponding author. Department of Biomedical sciences, College of Health sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Qatar.
Silver-doped magnesia nanoparticles (Ag/MgO) were synthesized using the precipitation method and characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunner-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurements, and dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The morphology of Ag/MgO nanoparticles was determined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, which revealed cuboidal shaped nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 31 to 68 nm and an average size of 43.5 ± 10.6 nm. The anticancer effects of Ag/MgO nanoparticles were evaluated on human colorectal (HT29) and lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cell lines, and their caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities, as well as Bcl-2, Bax, p53, cytochrome C protein expressions were estimated. Ag/MgO nanoparticles showed selective toxicity towards HT29 and A549 cells while remaining relatively innocuous towards the normal human colorectal, CCD-18Co, and lung, MRC-5 cells. The IC50 values of Ag/MgO nanoparticles on the HT29 and A549 cells were found to be 90.2 ± 2.6 and 85.0 ± 3.5 μg/mL, respectively. The Ag/MgO nanoparticles upregulated caspase-3 and -9 activities, downregulated Bcl-2, upregulated Bax and p53 protein expressions in the cancer cells. The morphology of the Ag/MgO nanoparticle treated HT29 and A549 cells was typical of apoptosis, with cell detachment, shrinkage, and membrane blebbing. The results suggest that Ag/MgO nanoparticles induce apoptosis in cancer cells and exhibit potential as a promising anticancer agent.
