Anticancer Activity of the Amide-Imidazole Compound on Cancer Cell Lines: An In-Vitro Study

Abstract

Introduction: The leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world is cancer. Promising anti-cancer compounds include small heterocyclic chemicals. In many malignancies, cancer cells' resistance to therapy leads the recurrence and mortality after treatment. Drug resistance that develops during therapy encourages researchers to create compounds that are more useful and less harmful. Derivatives of amido-imidazole conjugates induce apoptosis in breast cancer cell line. Aim: To investigate the effect of anti-cancer activity of amide-imidazole on various signaling and apoptotic protein in cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was designed in the Department of Biochemistry, Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, and AIIMS Patna from February 2021 to January 2022. The normal as well as cancer cell lines were cultured and grown in the medium, and the anti-proliferative activity of compounds was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, while various signaling proteins that regulate the proliferation and migration of cancer cell were assessed using the western blotting method. Statistical analysis of anti-proliferative activity was estimated using graphical methods. Results: The results showed that the amide-imidazole compound had variable anti-proliferative potency in a variety of cancer cell lines. When HT-29, MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines were treated with the amide-imidazole compound at different concentrations (5, 10, 15, and 20 μM). Cell proliferation was inhibited, which is measured by MTT {3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide} assays. The growth in different cancer cells is HT-29 (94.16, 85.19, 77.54, and 77.86), Malondialdehyde (MDA)-MB 231 (100, 91.10, 86.82, and 79.96), and MCF-7 (74.01, 65.26, 60.42, and 36.99) at different concentrations, respectively. The western blot results of the Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cancer cell line showed a decrease in the concentration of various signaling pathways such as AKT, Extracellular signal-regulated Kinase (ERK), and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-3 (STAT 3) and an increase in the cleavage of Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) and Caspase-8, while also decreasing the anti-apoptotic protein B-cell Leukemia (BCL)-2. Conclusion: In present study, amide-imidazole derivatives triggered the apoptosis and lowered the anti apoptotic cell protein in breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7). Hence, breast cancer, can be treated with amide-imidazole derivatives.

Keywords

• apoptosis
• breast cancer
• chemotherapy
• drug resistance
• signaling pathway