Optimal PMU Placement Considering Load Loss and Relaying in Distribution Networks

Abstract

This paper studies the problem of optimal phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement considering the constraints of full system observability and load loss. The relaying functions of metering devices, such as feeder terminal units (FTUs) and dual-use line relays (DULRs), are taken into account to satisfy the maximum load loss coefficient limit (MLCL) and guarantee the operation of distribution system after the single-branch outage. A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) is formulated to find the minimal load loss under the given configuration and branch outage with relaying functions of DULRs and pre-existing FTUs. A PMU deployment formulation considering the presence of metering devices and distributed generations (DGs) is solved by the genetic algorithm together with MILP. Various configurations of network and scenarios with different settings of conventional measurements and DGs are simulated in two test cases. Results show that the optimal PMU placement is greatly affected by the pre-existing traditional measurements and DGs as well as MLCL.

Keywords

• Distribution network
• phasor measurement unit
• system observability