DcR3 in All Its Aspects

Abstract

Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is a supermember of tumor necrosis receptor (TNF) factor. DcR3 acts as a binding partner in multiple apoptotic ligands that inhibit apoptosis. TNF-associated apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis has been demonstrated to be sensitized by DcR3. DcR3 has been found to be a ‘‘pleiotropic’’ soluble factor with ‘‘decoy’’ and ‘‘non-decoy’’ activities that control cell functions. The connection between Fas and FasL can be inhibited by recombinant DcR3 coupled with an IgG1 Fc domain. TNF superfamily FasL can inhibit apoptosis and increase angiogenesis through neutralizing members of LIGHT and TL1A. DcR3 serum level is almost undetectable in most normal individuals without inflammatory diseases and cancer. According to several research, the level of DcR3 in the blood is linked to cancer stage in cancer patients. High DcR3 levels in serum or tissues have been found to be associated with poor prognosis and/or resistance to therapy in some cancer patients. As a result, identifying the cut-off value of the DcR3 serum level will provide to able to forecast the severity of disease in the future. While inhibiting DcR3 expression may slow tumor growth, improving DcR3-mediated effector functions could be a viable strategy for reducing autoimmunity and promoting tissue healing. Thus, recombinant DcR3 is a promising immunotherapeutic agent; yet, in the malignant environment, turning off DcR3 expression may improve cancer therapy success. The purpose of this review is to provide clinical convenience by collecting the findings of studies on DcR3 so far. These discoveries could help with cancer diagnosis, differentiation, metastasis, and stage detection. Furthermore, these may provide new therapeutic approaches to target carcinomas in the future.

Keywords

• biomarker
• dcr3
• dcr3 and cancer