Forces that control self-organization of chemically-propelled Janus tori

Abstract

The presence of a constraining environment exerts an influence on the behavior of self-propelled synthetic microswimmers, challenging the prediction and control of their individual and collective behaviour in realistic situations. Here, the authors use multiparticle collision dynamics to simulate self-propelled Janus toroidal particles near a wall and study how various contributions, such as thermal fluctuations, hydrodynamic and electrostatic interactions, chemical reactions, and gravity govern their collective behaviour.