Геохімія техногенезу (Oct 2022)
POSSIBILITIES OF REGIONAL MONITORING USING THE BASIN APPROACH
Abstract
The evolution of views on measures to protect the environment from the effects of human development of the subsoil and terrestrial natural environment is reflected in the tasks and methods of environmental control. The current nature of change, especially climate change, requires a shift to regional and global research and forecasting. However, the local and departmental differentiation of the monitoring network do not allow to make assessments of the regional level, and conclusions and forecasts – of the global. Water is the component of the environment that connects all spheres of the Earth, it is a universal solvent, transporter and accumulator of matter and energy. In order to ensure regional and global levels of monitoring, assessments should be carried out on a basin basis, and the subject of research should be the ways, processes and factors of migration of substances, which are based on the peculiarities of moisture balance formation. These principles are fully justified in the performance of various tasks: the definition of barrier functions of the environment in relation to different pollutants; determining the response of the pool hydraulic system to economic activity; assessment of the resistance of soil-plant complexes to the accumulation of toxic substances; assessment of the resistance of basins to hydrological and hydrogeological drought depending on landscape conditions, etc. The paper considers the general methodology and some results obtained through the application of landscape-basin approach to determining the barrier resistance of basins to radio strontium in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. For this purpose, the data of 20 years of observations on the removal of 90Sr from catchments were analyzed. It was possible to assess the degree of dependence of 90Sr removal and barrier stability on landscape factors, and to establish the time of active transition of 90Sr to mobile forms, the sequence of dominance of the processes of secondary pollution of surface waters and much more. The use of the obtained regression dependences helped to fulfil retrospective and prognostic tasks, as well as to model more favourable conditions in the catchments to reduce 90Sr removal by adjusting certain factors.
Keywords
