Frontiers in Neurology (Nov 2020)

Applications of Non-invasive Neuromodulation for the Management of Disorders Related to COVID-19

  • Abrahão Fontes Baptista,
  • Abrahão Fontes Baptista,
  • Abrahão Fontes Baptista,
  • Abrahão Fontes Baptista,
  • Adriana Baltar,
  • Adriana Baltar,
  • Alexandre Hideki Okano,
  • Alexandre Hideki Okano,
  • Alexandre Hideki Okano,
  • Alexandre Hideki Okano,
  • Alexandre Moreira,
  • Ana Carolina Pinheiro Campos,
  • Ana Mércia Fernandes,
  • André Russowsky Brunoni,
  • André Russowsky Brunoni,
  • Bashar W. Badran,
  • Clarice Tanaka,
  • Clarice Tanaka,
  • Clarice Tanaka,
  • Daniel Ciampi de Andrade,
  • Daniel Ciampi de Andrade,
  • Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado,
  • Edgard Morya,
  • Eduardo Trujillo,
  • Eduardo Trujillo,
  • Jaiti K. Swami,
  • Joan A. Camprodon,
  • Katia Monte-Silva,
  • Katia Monte-Silva,
  • Katia Nunes Sá,
  • Katia Nunes Sá,
  • Isadora Nunes,
  • Juliana Barbosa Goulardins,
  • Juliana Barbosa Goulardins,
  • Juliana Barbosa Goulardins,
  • Juliana Barbosa Goulardins,
  • Marom Bikson,
  • Pedro Sudbrack-Oliveira,
  • Priscila de Carvalho,
  • Rafael Jardim Duarte-Moreira,
  • Rafael Jardim Duarte-Moreira,
  • Rosana Lima Pagano,
  • Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo,
  • Yossi Zana

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.573718
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 11

Abstract

Read online

Background: Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) morbidity is not restricted to the respiratory system, but also affects the nervous system. Non-invasive neuromodulation may be useful in the treatment of the disorders associated with COVID-19.Objective: To describe the rationale and empirical basis of the use of non-invasive neuromodulation in the management of patients with COVID-10 and related disorders.Methods: We summarize COVID-19 pathophysiology with emphasis of direct neuroinvasiveness, neuroimmune response and inflammation, autonomic balance and neurological, musculoskeletal and neuropsychiatric sequela. This supports the development of a framework for advancing applications of non-invasive neuromodulation in the management COVID-19 and related disorders.Results: Non-invasive neuromodulation may manage disorders associated with COVID-19 through four pathways: (1) Direct infection mitigation through the stimulation of regions involved in the regulation of systemic anti-inflammatory responses and/or autonomic responses and prevention of neuroinflammation and recovery of respiration; (2) Amelioration of COVID-19 symptoms of musculoskeletal pain and systemic fatigue; (3) Augmenting cognitive and physical rehabilitation following critical illness; and (4) Treating outbreak-related mental distress including neurological and psychiatric disorders exacerbated by surrounding psychosocial stressors related to COVID-19. The selection of the appropriate techniques will depend on the identified target treatment pathway.Conclusion: COVID-19 infection results in a myriad of acute and chronic symptoms, both directly associated with respiratory distress (e.g., rehabilitation) or of yet-to-be-determined etiology (e.g., fatigue). Non-invasive neuromodulation is a toolbox of techniques that based on targeted pathways and empirical evidence (largely in non-COVID-19 patients) can be investigated in the management of patients with COVID-19.

Keywords