A new species of Myrmicinae, Hylomyrma villemantae Neves and Lacau (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), is described after the morphology of the worker. This species is easily distinguished from any other ones in the genus by a unique combination of characters, including the fourth abdominal tergite wholly smooth and shining. This ant is probably endemic from southern Bahia in Brazil. It was collected in a forest remnant of Tropical Mountain Rainforests in the Atlantic Forest biome.
