XIST and RPS4Y1 long non-coding RNA transcriptome as sex biomarkers in different body fluids

Abstract

Abstract Background and objectives Sex determination of an individual based on biological fluid evidence is a critical issue in forensic science. RNA has proved valuable in the identification of body fluids and the estimation of stain age. However, it still could not provide sufficient information about their donor. This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of the long non-coding XIST and RPS4Y1 markers in the identification of sex from different body fluids. Methods Saliva, semen, and peripheral and menstrual blood samples were obtained from apparently healthy volunteers. The expression of XIST and RPS4Y1 was assessed in these samples using real-time RT-PCR. Results XIST was detected in female saliva and peripheral and menstrual blood, while RPS4Y1 was detected in male blood and semen. Conclusion XIST and RPS4Y1 could be sex differentiation biomarkers in various body fluids.

Keywords

• Sex identification
• Body fluids
• Long non-coding ribonucleic acid
• X-inactive specific transcript
• Ribosomal protein S4, Y-linked 1