Frontiers in Immunology (Sep 2022)
Breakthrough infections with the omicron and delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 result in similar re-activation of vaccine-induced immunity
- Arne Søraas,
- Gunnveig Grødeland,
- Gunnveig Grødeland,
- Beathe Kiland Granerud,
- Beathe Kiland Granerud,
- Beathe Kiland Granerud,
- Thor Ueland,
- Thor Ueland,
- Thor Ueland,
- Andreas Lind,
- Børre Fevang,
- Børre Fevang,
- Sarah L. Murphy,
- Sarah L. Murphy,
- Camilla Huse,
- Camilla Huse,
- Anders Benteson Nygaard,
- Anne Katrine Steffensen,
- Anne Katrine Steffensen,
- Huda al-Baldawi,
- Mona Holberg-Petersen,
- Lise Lima Andresen,
- Camilla Ågnes,
- Trine Ranheim,
- Ylva Schanke,
- Mette Istre,
- John Arne Dahl,
- Adity Chopra,
- Susanne Dudman,
- Susanne Dudman,
- Mari Kaarbø,
- Jan Terje Andersen,
- Jan Terje Andersen,
- Eline Benno Vaage,
- Trung The Tran,
- John Torgils Vaage,
- John Torgils Vaage,
- Annika E. Michelsen,
- Annika E. Michelsen,
- Fredrik Müller,
- Fredrik Müller,
- Pål Aukrust,
- Pål Aukrust,
- Pål Aukrust,
- Pål Aukrust,
- Bente Halvorsen,
- Bente Halvorsen,
- Tuva B. Dahl,
- Tuva B. Dahl,
- Jan Cato Holter,
- Jan Cato Holter,
- Fridtjof Lund-Johansen,
- Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
Affiliations
- Arne Søraas
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Gunnveig Grødeland
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Gunnveig Grødeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Beathe Kiland Granerud
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Beathe Kiland Granerud
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Beathe Kiland Granerud
- Department of Nursing, Health and Laboratory Science, University College of Østfold, Fredrikstad, Norway
- Thor Ueland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Thor Ueland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Andreas Lind
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Børre Fevang
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Børre Fevang
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Sarah L. Murphy
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sarah L. Murphy
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Camilla Huse
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Camilla Huse
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Anders Benteson Nygaard
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Anne Katrine Steffensen
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Anne Katrine Steffensen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Huda al-Baldawi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Mona Holberg-Petersen
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Lise Lima Andresen
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Camilla Ågnes
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Trine Ranheim
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Ylva Schanke
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Mette Istre
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- John Arne Dahl
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Adity Chopra
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Susanne Dudman
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Susanne Dudman
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Mari Kaarbø
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Jan Terje Andersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Eline Benno Vaage
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Trung The Tran
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- John Torgils Vaage
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- John Torgils Vaage
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Annika E. Michelsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Annika E. Michelsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Fredrik Müller
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Fredrik Müller
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Pål Aukrust
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Pål Aukrust
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Pål Aukrust
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Bente Halvorsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Tuva B. Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Tuva B. Dahl
- Division of Critical Care and Emergencies, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Jan Cato Holter
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Jan Cato Holter
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- 0ImmunoLingo Convergence Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.964525
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 13
Abstract
BackgroundResults showing that sera from double vaccinated individuals have minimal neutralizing activity against Omicron have been interpreted as indicating the need for a third vaccine dose for protection. However, there is little information about early immune responses to Omicron infection in double vaccinated individuals.MethodsWe measured inflammatory mediators, antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins, and spike peptide-induced release of interferon gamma in whole blood in 51 double-vaccinated individuals infected with Omicron, in 14 infected with Delta, and in 18 healthy controls. The median time points for the first and second samples were 7 and 14 days after symptom onset, respectively.FindingsInfection with Omicron or Delta led to a rapid and similar increase in antibodies to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of Omicron protein and spike peptide-induced interferon gamma in whole blood. Both the Omicron- and the Delta-infected patients had a mild and transient increase in inflammatory parameters.InterpretationThe results suggest that two vaccine doses are sufficient to mount a rapid and potent immune response upon infection in healthy individuals of with the Omicron variant.FundingThe study was funded by the Oslo University Hospital, and by grants from The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Research Council of Norway (no 312780, 324272), South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (no 2019067, 2021071, 10357, 2021047, 33612, 2021087, 2017092), EU Horizon 2020 grant no 848099, a philantropic donation from Vivaldi Invest A/S, and The European Virus Archive Global.
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