Fecal gelatinase does not predict mortality in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis

Abstract

Alcohol-associated liver disease is highly prevalent worldwide, with alcohol-associated hepatitis as a severe form characterized by substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Gut bacterial dysbiosis has been linked to progression of alcohol-associated hepatitis. Fecal cytolysin secreted by the pathobiont Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is associated with increased mortality in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis. Although gelatinase is considered a virulence factor in E. faecalis, its prevalence and impact on alcohol-associated hepatitis patient outcomes remains unclear. In this study, 20 out of 65 (30.8%) patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis tested positive for gelatinase in their stool. There were no significant differences in 30-day and 90-day mortality between gelatinase-positive and gelatinase-negative patients (p=0.97 and p=0.48, respectively). Fecal gelatinase had a low discriminative ability for 30-day mortality (area under the curve [AUC] 0.50 vs fibrosis-4 Index (FIB-4) 0.75) and 90-day mortality compared with other established liver disease markers (AUC 0.57 vs FIB-4 0.79 or ‘age, serum bilirubin, INR, and serum creatinine’ (ABIC) score 0.78). Furthermore, fecal gelatinase was not an important feature for 30-day or 90-day mortality per random forest analysis. Finally, gelatinase-positive patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis did not exhibit more severe liver disease compared with gelatinase-negative patients. In conclusion, fecal gelatinase does not predict mortality or disease severity in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis from our cohort.

Keywords

• alcoholic hepatitis
• enterococcus faecalis
• microbiota
• microbiome