Risk factors analysis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and allergic rhinitis in children: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Abstract Background To investigate the relationship between symptom of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and allergic rhinitis (AR) in AR children of different genders and ages. Methods Four hundred and sixty-five allergic rhinitis children aged 6–12 years old were recruited in this study. Skin-prick test, Pediatric Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (PRQLQ), Total Nasal Symptoms Score (TNSS) and the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham version IV scale (SNAP-IV) were recorded. Patients were divided into AR with ADHD and AR without ADHD, according to the SNAP-IV scale results. Results Children with the inattention/hyperactivity scale (IHS) > 1.25 accounted for 26.4% of all children with AR. The TNSS with IHS > 1.25 group were significantly higher than the IHS ≤ 1.25 group. Univariate analysis showed that age, gender, duration of AR symptoms, skin index, and PRQLQ subscales were associated with symptoms of hyperactivity and attention deficit (IHS > 1.25). After normalizing the age and gender factors, duration of AR symptoms and skin index correlated with IHS > 1.25. After stratifying age and gender, the correlation between IHS > 1.25 and skin index and PRQLQ subscales was mainly found in male children, and the association between the duration of AR symptoms and IHS > 1.25 was reflected in each group. Conclusions ADHD in children with AR is associated with severity, duration, and skin index of AR, and this association is more pronounced in male children.

Keywords

• Rhinitis
• Allergic
• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
• Pediatric