Hormonal Treatment of Endometriosis: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Background: Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological diseases, affecting up to 10–15% of women of reproductive age. It is a chronic, estrogen-dependent condition that often presents with heterogeneous symptoms, complicating diagnosis and delaying treatment. Methods: This is a narrative review based on a comprehensive analysis of recent literature regarding hormonal treatment options for endometriosis, including primary and adjuvant therapies. Results: Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are effective in reducing dysmenorrhea, but show limited benefit for other symptoms and may not prevent disease progression. Progestins, particularly dienogest, demonstrate superior long-term efficacy with favorable side-effect profiles. GnRH agonists and antagonists are reserved for second-line treatment due to side effects and hypoestrogenism, but can significantly reduce endometriotic lesions. The levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) is especially effective in patients with adenomyosis. Conclusions: Hormonal therapies are central to the management of endometriosis. Progestins are considered the most suitable long-term option. Despite promising results, evidence quality varies, and further studies are needed to establish long-term efficacy, patient-specific outcomes, and direct comparisons between agents.

Keywords

• endometriosis
• hormonal treatment
• combined oral contraceptive
• progestins
• GnRH agonists
• GnRH antagonists