Мелиорация и гидротехника (Aug 2024)
Accumulation of the silt sediments by ditch-bank hydraulic engineering construction under the conditions of Rostov region
Abstract
Purpose: to study the ability of the ditch-bank hydraulic structure in combination with reclamation protective forest plantings to accumulate silt sediments, carried by the surface melt and rainwater runoff, on the chernozems of Rostov region. Materials and methods. The object of research is the ditch-bank hydraulic structure in combination with a reclamation protective forest plantation near Stepnoy village, Aksay district, Rostov region, founded in 1982 under the leadership of Professor E. V. Poluektov. The experimental design consisted of three options: 1) measuring runoff at a stationary runoff site (control); 2) a ditch-bank in a reclamation protective forest plantation, surface slope 2–3°; 3) a ditch-bank in a reclamation protective forest plantation, surface slope 5–6°. The generally accepted research methods of G. V. Dobrovolsky and the methodology of the Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems were used. Results. The studies were conducted in 1982–2023 for three periods: 1982–1995, 1996–2004 and 2004–2023. Archival observations of Professor E. V. Poluektov for the 1st and 2nd periods and data from studies conducted in 2023 were used. It has been determined that the simplest ditch-bank protective hydraulic structure, in the inter-row spacing of reclamation protective forest plantations, is capable of reducing soil erosion and accumulating sediment in the ditch and in front of the bank in a volume of 0.84 t/linear m with a slope of 2–3° and up to 1.74 t/linear m with a slope of 5–6°. Conclusions. It has been determined that if in the option with a slope of 2–3° there is still a overcapacity for the sediment accumulation in front of the bank, sufficient for another 40–50 years at such filling rates, then with a slope of 5–6° the ditch capacity reserves and space in front of the bank for the period 1982–2023 are filled to 96 %, therefore it is necessary to provide measures to increase the capacity for sediment accumulation.
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