Biomimetic Macrophage–Fe3O4@PLGA Particle-Triggered Intelligent Catalysis for Killing Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli
Jieni Fu,
Xiangmei Liu,
Zhaoyang Li,
Yufeng Zheng,
Yu Zhang,
Hui Jiang,
Yanqin Liang,
Shengli Zhu,
Zhenduo Cui,
Shuilin Wu
Affiliations
Jieni Fu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300401, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Xiangmei Liu
School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
Zhaoyang Li
Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300401, China
Yufeng Zheng
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Yu Zhang
Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
Hui Jiang
Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300401, China
Yanqin Liang
Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300401, China
Shengli Zhu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300401, China
Zhenduo Cui
Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300401, China
Shuilin Wu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300401, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Corresponding author.
Infections with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria, such as MDR Escherichia coli (E. coli), remain a challenge due to the lack of safe antibiotics and high fatality rates under anti-infection therapies. This work presents a form of biomimetic intelligent catalysis inspired by the selective biocatalytic property of macrophages (MΦs), consisting of an intelligent controlling center (a living MΦ) and a Fenton reaction catalyst (Fe3O4@poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles) for killing MDR E. coli without harming normal cells. The MΦ–Fe3O4@PLGA particles (i.e., the intelligent catalysis particles) exhibit selective biocatalysis activity toward MDR E. coli by producing H2O2 and lipid droplets (LDs). This process activates the lipid metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism pathways based on the result of RNA sequencing data analysis. The H2O2 further reacts with Fe3O4@PLGA to form highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH), while the LDs contain antimicrobial peptides and can target MDR E. coli. The highly toxic ·OH and antimicrobial peptides are shown to combat with MDR E. coli, such that the antibacterial efficiency of the MΦ–Fe3O4@PLGA particles against MDR E. coli is 99.29% ± 0.31% in vitro. More importantly, after several passages, the intelligent catalysis function of the MΦ–Fe3O4@PLGA particles is well maintained. Hence, the concept of biomimetic intelligent catalysts displays potential for treating diseases other than infections.
