Risk factors for death in suspected severe bacterial infection in infants aged <90 days in Luanda, Angola

Abstract

Background: Yearly, about two million infants die during the first 28 days of life. Most of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa and a third of those are caused by severe infections. The early identification of infants at risk of death is important when trying to prevent poor outcomes. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for death among young infants with possible serious bacterial infection (pSBI) at hospital admission. Methods: This prospective, observational, single-site, descriptive study forms part of a larger study on bacterial meningitis in infants <90 days of age admitted to the Pediatric Hospital of Luanda, the capital of Angola, from February 1, 2016 to October 23, 2017. Infants with pSBI, a known outcome, and a final diagnosis were included. Results: Of 574 young infants with pSBI, 115 (20%) died in hospital. An altered level of consciousness, absence of spontaneous movements, dyspnea, CSF that is not clear, low CSF glucose, high CSF protein, heart rate over the median, and seizures were identified as risk factors for death in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, only heart rate over the median and seizures were independent predictors of death. Conclusions: Easily recognizable clinical signs – tachycardia and seizures – may guide clinicians to identify infants at high risk of death due to severe bacterial infections in sub-Saharan Africa.

Keywords

• Risk factors
• Outcome
• Newborn
• Bacterial meningitis
• Neonatal sepsis
• Angola