Multi-Omics Reveals the Effects of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> Powder Replacement of Fish Meal on Intestinal Metabolism and Stress in Zig-Zag Eel (<i>Mastacembelus armatus</i>)
Di Sun,
Dongqiang Hou,
Yushun Zheng,
Wenzhou Xiang,
Yingshi Huang,
Hualian Wu,
Jixing Zou
Affiliations
Di Sun
College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Wushan Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
Dongqiang Hou
College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Wushan Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
Yushun Zheng
College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Wushan Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
Wenzhou Xiang
CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 164, West Xingang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510301, China
Yingshi Huang
Faculty of Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
Hualian Wu
CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 164, West Xingang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510301, China
Jixing Zou
College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Wushan Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
The booming aquaculture industry has created a strong demand for fishmeal and increased environmental pressures. Spirulina, as a potential alternative to fishmeal, has been shown to have growth-promoting and animal health-enhancing properties. In this study, 600 large spiny loaches, divided into five experimental groups, F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4, were reared for 10 weeks using Spirulina platensis powder (SPP) as a substitute for 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of fishmeal, respectively. The results of intestinal physiological indexes showed that superoxide dismutase was lower than F0 in all treatment groups, and the activity of F3 was significantly lower than F0 (p p p p 15%) were mostly enriched in inflammation-related pathways, such as complement p and coagulation cascades. Metabolomics confirmed that nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism were the two pathways that were significantly enriched in the treatment groups of fishmeal replacement by SPP. The present study demonstrated that a low percentage (15%) of replacement induced intestinal stress. Considering the health and farm efficiency aspects, the proportion of SPP in feed formulation for MA should be less than 15%.
