High-Resolution Proteomics Unravel a Native Functional Complex of Cav1.3, SK3, and Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels in Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons

Abstract

Pacemaking activity in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons is generated by the coordinated activity of a variety of distinct somatodendritic voltage- and calcium-gated ion channels. We investigated whether these functional interactions could arise from a common localization in macromolecular complexes where physical proximity would allow for efficient interaction and co-regulations. For that purpose, we immunopurified six ion channel proteins involved in substantia nigra neuron autonomous firing to identify their molecular interactions. The ion channels chosen as bait were Cav1.2, Cav1.3, HCN2, HCN4, Kv4.3, and SK3 channel proteins, and the methods chosen to determine interactions were co-immunoprecipitation analyzed through immunoblot and mass spectrometry as well as proximity ligation assay. A macromolecular complex composed of Cav1.3, HCN, and SK3 channels was unraveled. In addition, novel potential interactions between SK3 channels and sclerosis tuberous complex (Tsc) proteins, inhibitors of mTOR, and between HCN4 channels and the pro-degenerative protein Sarm1 were uncovered. In order to demonstrate the presence of these molecular interactions in situ, we used proximity ligation assay (PLA) imaging on midbrain slices containing the substantia nigra, and we could ascertain the presence of these protein complexes specifically in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. Based on the complementary functional role of the ion channels in the macromolecular complex identified, these results suggest that such tight interactions could partly underly the robustness of pacemaking in dopaminergic neurons.

Keywords

• substantia nigra
• ion channels
• protein–protein interaction
• affinity purification mass spectrometry
• proximity ligation assay
• pacemaking