Revista Galega de Economía (Dec 2017)

A EVOLUCIÓN DO MIX ELÉCTRICO EN DIVERSOS PAÍSES EUROPEOS, 1995-2014: ALEMAÑA, FRANCIA, REINO UNIDO, DINAMARCA, ITALIA E ESPAÑA

  • Adrián DIOS VICENTE

DOI
https://doi.org/10.15304/rge.26.3.4447
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 26, no. 3

Abstract

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A transformación do mix eléctrico nas últimas décadas foi un dos piares fundamentais da estratexia empresarial no sector enerxético. Tendo en conta as enormes diferenzas entre países, a escasa conexión eléctrica europea e o grao de concentración empresarial, avalíase a evolución en 6 países europeos. O presente estudo realiza unha análise descritiva desta transformación, tendo en conta a evolución de diversas variables cuantitativas no sector. As evolucións son dispares, baseadas moitas veces en realidades estatais diferentes. A mesma estrutura do sector, dende mercados liberalizados e teoricamente en competencia con outros regulados e baseados en campións nacionais como grandes empresas eléctricas que controlan boa parte do sector impide realidades semellantes, malia que a regulación europea trata de homologar a realidade continental para o sector. Do mesmo xeito, as transformacións internacionais teñen un impacto determinante na toma de decisións semellantes do sector, malia que moitas veces con estratexias dispares. En particular, a redución do consumo de fuel oil para a produción e a introdución de novas tecnoloxías renovables son procesos comúns por múltiples empresas. O presente traballo trata tamén de realizar un estudo comparativo, dende unha perspectiva rexional, dunha importante empresa eléctrica como Unión Fenosa con parte da contorna europea nos anos de vida da compañía, entre 1982 e 2007. The transformation of the electricity mix in the past decades has become one of the cornerstones of business strategies in the energy industry. Whilst weighing the considerable differences among countries, the scarce electricity connection in Europe and the degree of existing business clusters, the evolution is assessed in six European countries. This paper aims to offer a descriptive analysis of such changes, bearing in mind the evolution of various quantitative variables in the industry. Progress is unalike, frequently based on different state circumstances. The mere structure of the industry, from liberalized markets theoretically competing against other regulated ones which are national leaders as big electrical companies controlling a huge share of the industry, presents similar circumstances despite the fact that European regulations aims to standardize conditions throughout the continent in the industry. Likewise, international transformations have a fundamental impact on similar decision-making processes in the industry, even though these might often result in different strategies. In particular, a reduction of fuel oil comsumption encouraging the production and introduction of renewable technologies are common processes for several companies. This paper also aims to present a regional comparative study between an electricity provider as important as Unión Fenosa and the European zone during the years the company has existed, ie, between 1982 and 2007

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