Bioactive 2-(Methyldithio)Pyridine-3-Carbonitrile from Persian Shallot (Allium stipitatum Regel.) Exerts Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity
Arunkumar Karunanidhi,
Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad,
Jayakayatri Jeevajothi Nathan,
Narcisse Joseph,
Sridevi Chigurupati,
Fazlin Mohd Fauzi,
Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika,
Rukman Awang Hamat,
Leslie Than Thian Lung,
Alex van Belkum,
Vasanthakumari Neela
Affiliations
Arunkumar Karunanidhi
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Basij Square, Arak 38481-7-6941, Iran
Jayakayatri Jeevajothi Nathan
School of Medicine, Taylor’s University, Lakeside Campus, No. 1, Jalan Taylor’s, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Narcisse Joseph
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Sridevi Chigurupati
Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Fazlin Mohd Fauzi
Department of Pharmacology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126 Jalan Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
Rukman Awang Hamat
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Leslie Than Thian Lung
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Alex van Belkum
R & D Microbiology, BioMerieux, 3 route de Port Michaud, 38390 La Balme-les-Grottes, France
Vasanthakumari Neela
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Antibiotic resistance is a problem that continues to challenge the healthcare sector, especially in clinically significant pathogens like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Herein is described the isolation and structure elucidation of a bioactive compound from Allium stipitatum with antimicrobial activity. Crude Allium stipitatum dichloromethane extract (ASDE) was subjected to systematic purification by chromatographic procedures to afford various bioactive fractions. A fraction that exhibited anti-MRSA activity (4 µg·mL−1) was further characterized to determine the structure. The structure of the compound was elucidated as 2-(methyldithio)pyridine-3-carbonitrile (2-Medpy-3-CN). The 2-Medpy-3-CN compound, which was screened for antimicrobial activity, exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the range of 0.5 to >64 µg·mL−1 for tested bacterial species and 0.25 to 2 µg·mL−1 for Candida spp. Further studies are important to confirm the drug target and mechanism of action.
