In-House Developed ELISA Indicates High Prevalence of Anti-<i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> IgG in Sheep Population—An Update from Pakistan
Mughees Aizaz Alvi,
John Asekhaen Ohiolei,
Li Li,
Muhammad Saqib,
Muhammad Hammad Hussain,
Muhammad Haleem Tayyab,
Muzafar Ghafoor,
Warda Qamar,
Noman Yousaf Faridi,
Anum Aizaz Alvi,
Bao-Quan Fu,
Hong-Bin Yan,
Wan-Zhong Jia
Affiliations
Mughees Aizaz Alvi
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory of Animal Hydatidosis, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
John Asekhaen Ohiolei
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory of Animal Hydatidosis, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
Li Li
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory of Animal Hydatidosis, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
Muhammad Saqib
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38400, Pakistan
Muhammad Hammad Hussain
Independent Researcher, Bardia, NSW 2565, Australia
Muhammad Haleem Tayyab
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38400, Pakistan
Muzafar Ghafoor
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38400, Pakistan
Warda Qamar
Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore Sub-Campus Jhang 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
Noman Yousaf Faridi
Punjab Livestock and Dairy Development, Government of Punjab, Chiniot 35400, Pakistan
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory of Animal Hydatidosis, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
Hong-Bin Yan
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory of Animal Hydatidosis, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
Wan-Zhong Jia
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory of Animal Hydatidosis, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a World Health Organization (WHO)-listed neglected tropical farm economy jeopardizing and public health concern disease. This study was aimed at furnishing sero-epidemiological baseline data of CE in sheep in Pakistan, where data are non-existent. For this purpose, two sheep-rich provinces of Pakistan were selected, and 728 sheep sera were collected using probability proportional to size (PPS) statistical technique. Epidemiological information was recorded on a questionnaire for the estimation of potential risk factors. The serum samples were analyzed for IgG antibodies against Echinococcus granulosus using an in-house-developed EgAgB-based ELISA kit. The overall seroprevalence recorded was 21.98% (160/728) in the tested sheep, suggesting higher seropositivity in sheep from Punjab (23.73%) as compared to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) (19.04%). The overall apparent prevalence observed by this ELISA method was almost similar to the calculated true prevalence (21.77%). Prevalence was significantly different (p 5 years (29.66%, OR 1.64), crossbreeds (42.85%, OR 2.70), and sheep with pasture access (25.96%, OR 3.06). Being in age group > 5 years and having pasture access were the factors significantly associated with seropositivity (p E. granulosus infection in sheep and can be used as a model for ante-mortem screening of the sheep globally.
