Anisotropy and Asymptotic Degeneracy of the Physical-Hilbert-Space Inner-Product Metrics in an Exactly Solvable Unitary Quantum Model

Abstract

A unitary-evolution process leading to an ultimate collapse and to a complete loss of observability alias quantum phase transition is studied. A specific solvable N−state model is considered, characterized by a non-stationary non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. Our analysis uses quantum mechanics formulated in Schrödinger picture in which, in principle, only the knowledge of a complete set of observables (i.e., operators Λj) enables one to guarantee the uniqueness of the related physical Hilbert space (i.e., of its inner-product metric Θ). Nevertheless, for the sake of simplicity, we only assume the knowledge of just a single input observable (viz., of the energy-representing Hamiltonian H≡Λ1). Then, out of all of the eligible and Hamiltonian-dependent “Hermitizing” inner-product metrics Θ=Θ(H), we pick up just the simplest possible candidate. Naturally, this slightly restricts the scope of the theory, but in our present model, such a restriction is more than compensated for by the possibility of an alternative, phenomenologically better motivated constraint by which the time-dependence of the metric is required to be smooth. This opens a new model-building freedom which, in fact, enables us to force the system to reach the collapse, i.e., a genuine quantum catastrophe as a result of the mere conventional, strictly unitary evolution.

Keywords

• unitary quantum solvable toy model
• Hilbert-space anisotropy
• eigenvalues of metric
• exceptional-point collapse