The Impact of Pharmacotherapy for Heart Failure on Oxidative Stress—Role of New Drugs, Flozins
Patryk Bodnar,
Michalina Mazurkiewicz,
Tomasz Chwalba,
Ewa Romuk,
Anna Ciszek-Chwalba,
Wojciech Jacheć,
Celina Wojciechowska
Affiliations
Patryk Bodnar
Student Research Team at the Second Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, M. C. Skłodowskiej 10 Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
Michalina Mazurkiewicz
Department of Cardiology, Specialistic Hospital in Zabrze, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
Tomasz Chwalba
Student Research Team at the Second Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, M. C. Skłodowskiej 10 Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
Ewa Romuk
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19 Street, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
Anna Ciszek-Chwalba
Student Research Team at the Second Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, M. C. Skłodowskiej 10 Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
Wojciech Jacheć
Second Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, M. C. Skłodowskiej 10 Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
Celina Wojciechowska
Second Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, M. C. Skłodowskiej 10 Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
Heart failure (HF) is a multifactorial clinical syndrome involving many complex processes. The causes may be related to abnormal heart structure and/or function. Changes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, the sympathetic nervous system, and the natriuretic peptide system are important in the pathophysiology of HF. Dysregulation or overexpression of these processes leads to changes in cardiac preload and afterload, changes in the vascular system, peripheral vascular dysfunction and remodeling, and endothelial dysfunction. One of the important factors responsible for the development of heart failure at the cellular level is oxidative stress. This condition leads to deleterious cellular effects as increased levels of free radicals gradually disrupt the state of equilibrium, and, as a consequence, the internal antioxidant defense system is damaged. This review focuses on pharmacotherapy for chronic heart failure with regard to oxidation–reduction metabolism, with special attention paid to the latest group of drugs, SGLT2 inhibitors—an integral part of HF treatment. These drugs have been shown to have beneficial effects by protecting the antioxidant system at the cellular level.
