Similar sequences but dissimilar biological functions of GDF11 and myostatin

Abstract

Growth factors: untangling twin proteins A growth factor protein called GDF11 has potential for rejuvenation of heart, brain, and muscle tissues, but first its relationship with a twin growth factor (MSTN) must be unraveled. Although GDF11 and MSTN are almost identical in amino acid sequence, MSTN controls growth of skeletal muscles, and GDF11 regulates bone and organ patterning. To untangle what differentiates these proteins, Yun-Sil Lee and Joonho Suh at Seoul National University, South Korea, reviewed their evolution and function. They report that GDF11 and MSTN are the result of duplication of an original gene and have evolved to perform different roles. They cover some of the beneficial effects reported with GDF11 supplementation, such as tissue rejuvenation and increased lifespan, but caution that negative effects have been reported. Further investigation may illuminate growth and development processes, and therapeutic potential.