The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2025)
An Agnostic Approach to Building Empirical Type Ia Supernova Light Curves: Evidence for Intrinsic Chromatic Flux Variation Using Nearby Supernova Factory Data
- Jared Hand,
- A. G. Kim,
- G. Aldering,
- P. Antilogus,
- C. Aragon,
- S. Bailey,
- C. Baltay,
- S. Bongard,
- K. Boone,
- C. Buton,
- Y. Copin,
- S. Dixon,
- D. Fouchez,
- E. Gangler,
- R. Gupta,
- B. Hayden,
- W. Hillebrandt,
- Mitchell Karmen,
- M. Kowalski,
- D. Küsters,
- P.-F. Léget,
- F. Mondon,
- J. Nordin,
- R. Pain,
- E. Pecontal,
- R. Pereira,
- S. Perlmutter,
- K. A. Ponder,
- D. Rabinowitz,
- M. Rigault,
- D. Rubin,
- K. Runge,
- C. Saunders,
- N. Suzuki,
- C. Tao,
- S. Taubenberger,
- R. C. Thomas,
- M. Vincenzi,
- (The Nearby Supernova Factory)
Affiliations
- Jared Hand
- ORCiD
- Pittsburgh Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Center (PITT PACC), Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- A. G. Kim
- ORCiD
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- G. Aldering
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- P. Antilogus
- ORCiD
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, CNRS/IN2P3, Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- C. Aragon
- ORCiD
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; College of Engineering, University of Washington , 371 Loew Hall, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- S. Bailey
- ORCiD
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- C. Baltay
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06250-8121, USA
- S. Bongard
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, CNRS/IN2P3, Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- K. Boone
- ORCiD
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley , 366 LeConte Hall MC 7300, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA; DIRAC Institute, Department of Astronomy, University of Washington , 3910 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- C. Buton
- ORCiD
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Y. Copin
- ORCiD
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- S. Dixon
- ORCiD
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley , 366 LeConte Hall MC 7300, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA
- D. Fouchez
- ORCiD
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
- E. Gangler
- ORCiD
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France; Université Clermont Auvergne , CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- R. Gupta
- ORCiD
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- B. Hayden
- ORCiD
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- W. Hillebrandt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik , Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Mitchell Karmen
- ORCiD
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- M. Kowalski
- ORCiD
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin , Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany; DESY , D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
- D. Küsters
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley , 366 LeConte Hall MC 7300, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA; DESY , D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
- P.-F. Léget
- ORCiD
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, CNRS/IN2P3, Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- F. Mondon
- Université Clermont Auvergne , CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- J. Nordin
- ORCiD
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin , Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- R. Pain
- ORCiD
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, CNRS/IN2P3, Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- E. Pecontal
- Centre de Recherche Astronomique de Lyon, Université Lyon 1 , 9 Avenue Charles André, 69561 Saint Genis Laval Cedex, France
- R. Pereira
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- S. Perlmutter
- ORCiD
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley , 366 LeConte Hall MC 7300, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA
- K. A. Ponder
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley , 366 LeConte Hall MC 7300, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA
- D. Rabinowitz
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06250-8121, USA
- M. Rigault
- ORCiD
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- D. Rubin
- ORCiD
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i , 2505 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- K. Runge
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- C. Saunders
- ORCiD
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley , 366 LeConte Hall MC 7300, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA; Princeton University , Department of Astrophysics, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Sorbonne Université , Institut Lagrange de Paris (ILP), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
- N. Suzuki
- ORCiD
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- C. Tao
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France; Tsinghua Center for Astrophysics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- S. Taubenberger
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik , Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- R. C. Thomas
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Computational Cosmology Center, Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- M. Vincenzi
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK
- (The Nearby Supernova Factory)
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9f32
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 982,
no. 2
p. 110
Abstract
We present a new empirical Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) model with three chromatic flux variation templates: one phase dependent and two phase independent. No underlying dust extinction model or patterns of intrinsic variability are assumed. Implemented with S tan and trained using spectrally binned Nearby Supernova Factory spectrophotometry, we examine this model's 2D, phase-independent flux variation space using two motivated basis representations. In both, the first phase-independent template captures variation that appears dust-like, while the second captures a combination of effectively intrinsic variability and second-order dust-like effects. We find that ≈13% of the modeled phase-independent flux variance is not dust-like. Previous empirical SN Ia models either assume an effective dust extinction recipe in their architecture, or only allow for a single mode of phase-independent variation. The presented results demonstrate such an approach may be insufficient, because it could “leak” noticeable intrinsic variation into phase-independent templates.
Keywords
