Frontiers in Oncology (Jan 2022)

Integrated Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals a Distinctive Role of YAP1 in Extramedullary Invasion and Therapeutic Sensitivity of Multiple Myeloma

  • Bo Zheng,
  • Wei Sun,
  • Ke Yi,
  • Yajun Zhang,
  • Liangzhe Wang,
  • Hongyan Lan,
  • Chong Zhang,
  • Hongming Xian,
  • Rong Li

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.787814
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 11

Abstract

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Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy. There are no standard therapeutic guidelines for extramedullary invasion (EM). We performed a retrospective integrated transcriptomic analysis based on GEO, TCGA, and Oncomine datasets with a total of over 2,500 cases enrolled. GSVA analysis was performed on GSE24080. The external validation cohorts include GSE9782, GSE2658, MMRF-COMPASS, and Oncomine. The data of MGUS to relapsed MM were acquired from GSE6477, GSE5900, and Oncomine. The data of EM were acquired from GSE39683 and GSE66291. Single-cell level transcriptome data of MM and EM were acquired from GSE106218. GSVA analysis revealed that 559 cases could be divided into 2 groups based on the expression of oncogenic pathways with prognostic significances. Group 1 with a specific phenotype of YAP1-MYC+ exhibited an unpromising prognosis. The univariate analysis revealed YAP1 as a tumor suppressor in MM. The activity of DNA repair, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation was significantly higher in YAP1-MYC+ MM, which is in concordance with EM myeloma cells based on single-cell analysis. Furthermore, we discovered that YAP1-MYC+ MM patients exhibited an improved response for IMiD treatment. Collectively, YAP1-MYC+MM patients might suffer a worse prognosis and stronger propensity for EM progression.

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