International Journal of Nanomedicine (Dec 2023)
Biocompatible Nanostructured Silver-Incorporated Implant Surfaces Show Effective Antibacterial, Osteogenic, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in vitro and in Rat Model
Abstract
Hui Gao,1,* Nan Jiang,2,* Qiannan Niu,3 Shenglin Mei,4,5 Håvard Jostein Haugen,6 Qianli Ma6,7 1Department of Stomatology, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Community Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; 3State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China; 4Xingrui Dental Clinic, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Physics & Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; 7Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Håvard Jostein Haugen; Qianli Ma, Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0317, Norway, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely utilized in endosseous implants. However, their clinical efficacy is marred by complications arising from bacterial infections owing to their inadequate antibacterial properties. Consequently, enhancing the antibacterial attributes of implant surfaces stands as a pivotal objective in the realm of implantable materials research.Methods: In this study, we employed sequential anodization and plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) technology to fabricate a silver-embedded sparsely titania nanotube array (SNT) on the near-β titanium alloy Ti-5Zr-3Sn-5Mo-15Nb (TLM) implants. The surface characteristics, antimicrobial properties, biocompatibility, and osteogenic activity of the silver-nanomodified SNT implant (SNT Ag) surface, alongside peri-implant inflammatory responses, were meticulously assessed through a combination of in vitro and in vivo analyses.Results: Compared with polished TLM and SNT, the silver-embedded SNT (SNT Ag) surface retained the basic shape of nanotubes and stably released Ag+ at the ppm level for a long time, which demonstrated an effective inhibition and bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) while maintaining ideal cytocompatibility. Additionally, the subtle modifications in nanotubular topography induced by silver implantation endowed SNT Ag with enhanced osteogenic activity and mitigated inflammatory capsulation in soft tissue peri-implants in a rat model.Conclusion: Incorporating a silver-embedded SNT array onto the implant surface demonstrated robust antibacterial properties, impeccable cytocompatibility, exceptional osteogenic activity, and the potential to prevent inflammatory encapsulation around the implant site. The Silver-PIII modification strategy emerges as a highly promising approach for surface applications in endosseous implants and trans-gingival implant abutments.Keywords: implant surface modification, silver PIII, anti-bacterial activity, cytocompatibility, osteogenic differentiation, host inflammatory response
