Active Scandinavia: examining physical activity levels across Norway, Sweden, and Denmark: a systematic review

Abstract

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) plays a vital role in maintaining health, reducing the risk of chronic diseases, and improving mental well-being. However, levels of PA vary across populations due to cultural, social, and environmental factors. Scandinavian countries, including Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, are often recognised for their emphasis on healthy lifestyles and public health initiatives. This study aims to provide an overview of PA levels in these countries, highlighting trends and variations across the region. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and CINAHL to identify studies on PA levels in the three countries. The search adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklists were used to assess the internal validity and statistical robustness of the studies included in this systematic review, as well as to evaluate their overall quality. Results Of the 1,235 studies identified, 20 were thoroughly analysed, comprising 6 focused on the Norwegian population, 9 on the Swedish population, and 5 on the Danish population. PA levels were highest in young children and declined with age across all countries. Norwegian first graders reached 1,101.4 cpm and 9.0 min/hour in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), while older adults showed the lowest levels. In Sweden, children aged 4 averaged 1,485.5 cpm and 50.4 min/day of MVPA, whereas adults showed significantly lower activity. In Denmark, children averaged 56.8 min/day of MVPA, while adult activity ranged from 3.5 to 4.0 h/week. Adherence to WHO guidelines varied by age, gender, and occupation. Conclusions This systematic literature review supplements current knowledge on PA in Scandinavian countries and provides substantial evidence that PA levels vary significantly across age groups. While young children demonstrate high activity levels, PA declines in adolescents and older adults. The findings highlight the need for targeted public health initiatives to promote PA, particularly among at-risk populations. Additionally, seasonal and occupational factors influence PA patterns, underscoring the importance of structured interventions. Despite relatively high PA levels compared to other European regions, targeted interventions are needed to sustain lifelong activity.

Keywords

• Physical activity
• Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
• Activity level
• Scandinavian countries
• Systematic review