The High Stability and Selectivity of Electrochemical Sensor Using Low-Cost Diamond Nanoparticles for the Detection of Anti-Cancer Drug Flutamide in Environmental Samples

Abstract

In this study, a novel electrochemical sensor was created by fabricating a screen-printed carbon electrode with diamond nanoparticles (DNPs/SPCE). The successful development of the sensor enabled the specific detection of the anti-cancer drug flutamide (FLT). The DNPs/SPCE demonstrated excellent conductivity, remarkable electrocatalytic activity, and swift electron transfer, all of which contribute to the advantageous monitoring of FLT. These qualities are critical for monitoring FLT levels in environmental samples. Various structural and morphological characterization techniques were employed to validate the formation of the DNPs. Remarkably, the electrochemical sensor demonstrated a wide linear response range (0.025 to 606.65 μM). Additionally, it showed a low limit of detection (0.023 μM) and high sensitivity (0.403 μA μM−1 cm−2). Furthermore, the practicability of DNPs/SPCE can be successfully employed in FLT monitoring in water bodies (pond water and river water samples) with satisfactory recoveries.

Keywords

• flutamide
• diamond
• anti-cancer drug
• environmental samples
• screen-printed carbon electrode