A Flavonoid-Rich Extract of <i>Sambucus nigra</i> L. Reduced Lipid Peroxidation in a Rat Experimental Model of Gentamicin Nephrotoxicity
Rodica Ana Ungur,
Ileana Monica Borda,
Răzvan Andrei Codea,
Viorela Mihaela Ciortea,
Bogdana Adriana Năsui,
Sevastița Muste,
Orsolya Sarpataky,
Miuța Filip,
Laszlo Irsay,
Elena Cristina Crăciun,
Simona Căinap,
Delia Bunea Jivănescu,
Anca Lucia Pop,
Victoria Emilia Singurean,
Maria Crișan,
Oana Bianca Groza,
Georgiana Smaranda Martiș (Petruț)
Affiliations
Rodica Ana Ungur
Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Ileana Monica Borda
Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Răzvan Andrei Codea
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Viorela Mihaela Ciortea
Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Bogdana Adriana Năsui
Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Sevastița Muste
Food Engineering Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 64 Calea Floresti, 400509 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Orsolya Sarpataky
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Miuța Filip
Raluca Ripan Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babeş-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Laszlo Irsay
Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Elena Cristina Crăciun
Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Simona Căinap
Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Delia Bunea Jivănescu
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Anca Lucia Pop
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Food Safety, Nutrition, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania
Victoria Emilia Singurean
Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Maria Crișan
Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Oana Bianca Groza
Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Georgiana Smaranda Martiș (Petruț)
Food Engineering Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 64 Calea Floresti, 400509 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
The use of gentamicin (GM) is limited due to its nephrotoxicity mediated by oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of a flavonoid-rich extract of Sambucus nigra L. elderflower (SN) to inhibit lipoperoxidation in GM-induced nephrotoxicity. The HPLC analysis of the SN extract recorded high contents of rutin (463.2 ± 0.0 mg mL−1), epicatechin (9.0 ± 1.1 µg mL−1), and ferulic (1.5 ± 0.3 µg mL−1) and caffeic acid (3.6 ± 0.1 µg mL−1). Thirty-two Wistar male rats were randomized into four groups: a control group (C) (no treatment), GM group (100 mg kg−1 bw day−1 GM), GM+SN group (100 mg kg−1 bw day−1 GM and 1 mL SN extract day−1), and SN group (1 mL SN extract day−1). Lipid peroxidation, evaluated by malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant enzymes activity—superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)—were recorded in renal tissue after ten days of experimental treatment. The MDA level was significantly higher in the GM group compared to the control group (p p = 0.021). SN extract failed to improve SOD, CAT, and GPX activity in the GM+SN group compared to the GM group (p > 0.05), and its action was most probably due to the ability of flavonoids (rutin, epicatechin) and ferulic and caffeic acids to inhibit synthesis and neutralize reactive species, to reduce the redox-active iron pool, and to inhibit lipid peroxidation. In this study, we propose an innovative method for counteracting GM nephrotoxicity with a high efficiency and low cost, but with the disadvantage of the multifactorial environmental variability of the content of SN extracts.