The Astronomical Journal (Jan 2023)
TOI-1075 b: A Dense, Massive, Ultra-short-period Hot Super-Earth Straddling the Radius Gap
- Zahra Essack,
- Avi Shporer,
- Jennifer A. Burt,
- Sara Seager,
- Saverio Cambioni,
- Zifan Lin,
- Karen A. Collins,
- Eric E. Mamajek,
- Keivan G. Stassun,
- George R. Ricker,
- Roland Vanderspek,
- David W. Latham,
- Joshua N. Winn,
- Jon M. Jenkins,
- R. Paul Butler,
- David Charbonneau,
- Kevin I. Collins,
- Jeffrey D. Crane,
- Tianjun Gan,
- Coel Hellier,
- Steve B. Howell,
- Jonathan Irwin,
- Andrew W. Mann,
- Ali Ramadhan,
- Stephen A. Shectman,
- Johanna K. Teske,
- Samuel W. Yee,
- Ismael Mireles,
- Elisa V. Quintana,
- Peter Tenenbaum,
- Guillermo Torres,
- Elise Furlan
Affiliations
- Zahra Essack
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; [email protected]; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Avi Shporer
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Jennifer A. Burt
- ORCiD
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Sara Seager
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; [email protected]; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Saverio Cambioni
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; [email protected]
- Zifan Lin
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; [email protected]
- Karen A. Collins
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics , Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Eric E. Mamajek
- ORCiD
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Keivan G. Stassun
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Physics, Fisk University , Nashville, TN 37208, USA
- George R. Ricker
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Roland Vanderspek
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- David W. Latham
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics , Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Joshua N. Winn
- ORCiD
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Jon M. Jenkins
- ORCiD
- NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- R. Paul Butler
- ORCiD
- Earth & Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science , 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA
- David Charbonneau
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics , Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Kevin I. Collins
- ORCiD
- George Mason University , 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- Jeffrey D. Crane
- ORCiD
- The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science , 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
- Tianjun Gan
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Coel Hellier
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Group, Keele University , Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Steve B. Howell
- ORCiD
- NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Jonathan Irwin
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK
- Andrew W. Mann
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255, USA
- Ali Ramadhan
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; [email protected]
- Stephen A. Shectman
- ORCiD
- The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science , 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
- Johanna K. Teske
- Earth & Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science , 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA
- Samuel W. Yee
- ORCiD
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Ismael Mireles
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico , 210 Yale Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
- Elisa V. Quintana
- ORCiD
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Peter Tenenbaum
- ORCiD
- NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; SETI Institute , Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- Guillermo Torres
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics , Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Elise Furlan
- ORCiD
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute , Caltech/IPAC, Mail Code 100-22, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac9c5b
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 165,
no. 2
p. 47
Abstract
Populating the exoplanet mass–radius diagram in order to identify the underlying relationship that governs planet composition is driving an interdisciplinary effort within the exoplanet community. The discovery of hot super-Earths—a high-temperature, short-period subset of the super-Earth planet population—has presented many unresolved questions concerning the formation, evolution, and composition of rocky planets. We report the discovery of a transiting, ultra-short-period hot super-Earth orbiting TOI-1075 (TIC351601843), a nearby ( d = 61.4 pc) late-K/early-M-dwarf star, using data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. The newly discovered planet has a radius of 1.791 ${}_{-0.081}^{+0.116}$ R _⊕ and an orbital period of 0.605 day (14.5 hr). We precisely measure the planet mass to be 9.95 ${}_{-1.30}^{+1.36}$ M _⊕ using radial velocity measurements obtained with the Planet Finder Spectrograph mounted on the Magellan II telescope. Our radial velocity data also show a long-term trend, suggesting an additional planet in the system. While TOI-1075 b is expected to have a substantial H/He atmosphere given its size relative to the radius gap, its high density ( ${9.32}_{-1.85}^{+2.05}$ g cm ^−3 ) is likely inconsistent with this possibility. We explore TOI-1075 b’s location relative to the M-dwarf radius valley, evaluate the planet’s prospects for atmospheric characterization, and discuss potential planet formation mechanisms. Studying the TOI-1075 system in the broader context of ultra-short-period planetary systems is necessary for testing planet formation and evolution theories and density-enhancing mechanisms and for future atmospheric and surface characterization studies via emission spectroscopy with the JWST.
Keywords
- Exoplanets
- Extrasolar rocky planets
- Super Earths
- Radial velocity
- Transit photometry
- Planetary system formation
