The Effect of Particulate Matter Exposure on the Inflammatory Airway Response of Street Runners and Sedentary People
Lucas G. Pagani,
Juliana M.B. Santos,
Roberta Foster,
Marcelo Rossi,
Luiz A. Luna Junior,
Catherine M. Katekaru,
Matheus C. de Sá,
Anne-Charlotte Jonckheere,
Francine M. Almeida,
Jonatas B. Amaral,
Rodolfo P. Vieira,
Dominique M.A. Bullens,
Andre L.L. Bachi,
Mauro Vaisberg
Affiliations
Lucas G. Pagani
ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo 04025-002, Brazil
Juliana M.B. Santos
ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo 04025-002, Brazil
Roberta Foster
ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo 04025-002, Brazil
Marcelo Rossi
ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo 04025-002, Brazil
Luiz A. Luna Junior
ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo 04025-002, Brazil
Catherine M. Katekaru
ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo 04025-002, Brazil
Matheus C. de Sá
ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo 04025-002, Brazil
Anne-Charlotte Jonckheere
KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology research group, UZ Herestraat 49 box 811, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Francine M. Almeida
Medicine School, São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455-Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
Jonatas B. Amaral
ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo 04025-002, Brazil
Rodolfo P. Vieira
Post-graduation Program in Science of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Av. Ana Costa, 95-Vila Mathias-Santos, Sao Paulo 11060-001, Brazil
Dominique M.A. Bullens
KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology research group, UZ Herestraat 49 box 811, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Andre L.L. Bachi
ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo 04025-002, Brazil
Mauro Vaisberg
ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo 04025-002, Brazil
Physical exercise promotes many health benefits. However, its effects are not well known in a polluted environment. Thus, this study aimed to compare upper airway inflammatory responses between street runners and sedentary individuals. Twenty-eight volunteers were recruited: runners (n = 14) and sedentary individuals (n = 14), who lived and worked in the same metropolitan area of São Paulo, Brazil. Particulate matter (PM) levels were monitored ten weeks before winter (low PM levels) and ten weeks after the beginning of winter (high PM levels) [PM10 (p < 0.0001) and PM2.5 (p < 0.0001)]. The cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A) levels in the nasal lavage and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were taken at the beginning of the winter (baseline) and ten weeks afterwards (after ten weeks of high PM exposure). IL-6 concentration increased in both runners (p = 0.037) and sedentary individuals (p = 0.027) after high PM exposure compared to the baseline. IL-10 concentration increased in sedentary individuals (p = 0.037) while IL-17A levels were increased in runners (p = 0.001) after high PM exposure compared to the baseline. FeNO levels decreased in runners (p = 0.025) after high PM exposure compared to the baseline. Outdoor endurance training acts as an inducer of a differentiated immune response in the upper airways of runners compared to individuals with a sedentary lifestyle from the same community after elevated PM exposure.
