Industrial Applications of Microbial Protease: A Review

Abstract

Protease enzymes are found in all of living organisms, which promote differentiation and growth of cell. They also have physiological functions in both of synthetic and degradation processes. Protease enzymes can be classified depending on different basis such as their pH optima, catalytic mechanism, active site, their evolutionary relationships and sequences of amino acids. In addition these enzymes can be classified depending on their site of action in the polypeptide chain to endopeptidases and exopeptidases. Alkaline protease is gained from many sources such as bacteria , insects and fungi, this type of protease is used in the industry of detergent and leather. The acid protease from microbial origin possess a potential role through industry of different feed and food. Acidic proteases also have been discovered in few bacteria. The neutral protease enzymes are also produced via the Bacillus genus and used in a variety of sectors. Since ancient times, microbial protease have been used in food fermentation process, now these enzymes are successfully used in various industries. Because of the increasing demands and uses, researchers are looking into numerous strategies to find, artificially manufacture or redesign enzymes having increased suitability through industrial procedures because they can withstand adverse circumstances. These enzymes not only have commercial and economic worth, but they also provide a safer solution for the environment. In addition to all of these uses scientists have successfully used proteases in the medical field on a large scale over time.