Carbon monoxide profile variability over the Manaus Metropolitan Region and its relations with biomass burning

Abstract

The present study analyzes the temporal variability of carbon monoxide (CO) over the Manaus Metropolitan Region (MMR) and its relations with nearby fires based on data obtained by the environmental satellite AQUA, for the 2003–2020 period. For this purpose, wavelet transform analyses and wavelet coherence analyses were used. The results show a well-defined seasonal behavior, with an increase and decrease in mean CO concentrations during dry and wet seasons, respectively. Semiannual and annual scales represent around 95 % of CO temporal variability in lower troposphere (500 to 1,000 hPa) and are associated with rains and fires dynamics in the region. In terms of interannual variability, multiple variability scales (1.2–2, 2.5–3 and 4.5–6 years) were observed, which explain around 10–15 % of concentration variability near surface. The results suggest that climatic variations, associated with the tropical Pacific and Atlantic sea surface temperature variations, on these different time scales, affect rain dynamics and, consequently, fires and CO concentration. Specifically, in 2015/16, the combined effect from different variability scales acted to prolong the dry period over the region, which contributed to increase fires and the CO to reach higher values compared to previous years. These results show a new aspect of the importance of evaluating the combined effect of different climate variability scales on CO concentrations in the atmosphere.

Keywords

• carbon monoxide; fires; climate variability; amazon; remote sensing; wavelet transform