Revista Espanola de Enfermedades Digestivas (Mar 2008)
Utilidad de la anamnesis y de las técnicas inmunológicas en el diagnóstico de la anisakidosis en pacientes con abdomen agudo Usefulness of anamnesis and inmunological techniques in the diagnosis of anisakidosis in patients with acute abdomen
Abstract
Introducción: Anisakis simplex puede producir síntomas digestivos y alérgicos. En este trabajo se evalúan los antecedentes epidemiológicos y los resultados inmunológicos para diferenciar entre pacientes con anisakidosis y aquellos con otras patologías digestivas que cursan con dolor abdominal. Pacientes y método: estudio de cohortes realizado con 134 pacientes: 52 fueron diagnosticados de anisakidosis por los hallazgos quirúrgicos y anatomopatológicos y/o seroconversión específica frente a A. simplex (grupo A) y en 82 pacientes la anisakidosis fue excluida como diagnóstico (grupo NA: no-anisakidosis). Se han evaluado el antecedente de ingesta de pescado crudo, la prueba cutánea en prick (PC) y el inmunoblot IgE como elementos de diagnóstico. Resultados: los pacientes de los grupos A y NA mostraron resultados diferentes respecto a la de ingesta de pescado crudo (p Introduction: Anisakis simplex can be a cause of digestive symptoms. Our aim was to evaluate the epidemiological antecedents and immunological data available for a differentiation between patients with anisakidosis and those with other acute abdominal problems. Patients and methods: this is a prospective cohort study involving 134 patients with acute abdominal problems: 52 patients were diagnosed with anisakidosis by means of surgical and pathological findings and/or specific IgE seroconversion against Anisakis simplex (group A), and in 82 patients anisakidosis had been ruled out (group NA: non-anisakidosis). We evaluated the antecedent of raw fish ingestion, the skin prick test, and IgE immunoblotting as diagnostic tools. Results: patients in groups A and NA differ in terms of prior raw fish ingestion (p < 0.0001) and positive SPT (p < 0.0001), with their respective negative predictive values (NPV) being 98.39% (95%CI: 90.17-99.92) and 95.56% (95%CI: 83.64-99.23). Regarding immunoblotting, in 86.2% of patients in group A a band of 60 kDa was detected, which was also detected in 19.2% of patients in group NA. Conclusions: a negative answer to the question about raw or undercooked fish ingestion has very high sensitivity and NPV (98.39%), and is thus reasonably reliable to rule out anisakidosis. The absence of cutaneous sensitization to crude A. simplex extract gives a high probability (95.56%) that the illness is absent. The presence of a band of about 60 kDa in immunoblotting would be useful for diagnosis.
