Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: Review and Meta-Analysis
Athanasia Athanasaki,
Konstantinos Melanis,
Ioanna Tsantzali,
Maria Ioanna Stefanou,
Sofia Ntymenou,
Sotirios G. Paraskevas,
Theodosis Kalamatianos,
Eleni Boutati,
Vaia Lambadiari,
Konstantinos I. Voumvourakis,
George Stranjalis,
Sotirios Giannopoulos,
Georgios Tsivgoulis,
George P. Paraskevas
Affiliations
Athanasia Athanasaki
Department of Neurology, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece
Konstantinos Melanis
2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
Ioanna Tsantzali
2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
Maria Ioanna Stefanou
2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
Sofia Ntymenou
Department of Neurology, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece
Sotirios G. Paraskevas
2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
Theodosis Kalamatianos
1st Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece
Eleni Boutati
2nd Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
Vaia Lambadiari
2nd Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
Konstantinos I. Voumvourakis
2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
George Stranjalis
1st Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece
Sotirios Giannopoulos
2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
Georgios Tsivgoulis
2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
George P. Paraskevas
2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia, reaching 60–80% of case totals, and is one of the major global causes of the elderly population’s decline in functionality concerning daily life activities. Epidemiological research has already indicated that, in addition to several others metabolic factors, diabetes mellitus type 2 is a risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease. Many molecular pathways have been described, and at the same time, there are clues that suggest the connection between type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease, through specific genes, autophagy, and even inflammatory pathways. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted, and its main goal was to reveal the multilevel connection between these diseases.
