Madzhar in the Context of Relations of the Byzantine Empire and the Golden Horde. Archaeological Evidences

Abstract

The article illustrated the archaeological evidence of trade links between the town Madzhar - main Golden Horde’s center in the North Caucasus Region with cities of Byzantium. These connections demonstrated by the examples of two categories of finds of Byzantine origin from the territory of this town of the Golden Horde. The first category is Glazed Pottery. Five groups of ceramics made in various centers of the Byzantine Empire fixed on Madzhar pottery complex. Main interest attracts the second group of Bizantium Glazad Pottery, which is a chronological indicator for the period from the middle to the third quarter of the 13th century. Further mapping of the points were deposit the vessels of this group in the area of the medieval town will make possible to identify the earliest part of the urban area, whith first buildings and from begins the growth of urban quarters. The second category is Byzantine coin of Andronicus II and Michael IX.

Keywords

• archaeology
• byzantine empire
• golden horde
• golden horde’s town of madzhar
• madzhar’s archaeological site
• ceramology
• byzantine glazed pottery
• byzantine coin
• trade activities